{"id":12732,"date":"2026-02-11T09:10:50","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T14:10:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asulf.org\/?p=12732"},"modified":"2026-02-19T08:59:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T13:59:07","slug":"disposition-transitoire-mais-non-clause-grand-pere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asulf.org\/?p=12732","title":{"rendered":"Disposition transitoire. Mais non : clause grand-p\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019appellation \u00ab clause grand-p\u00e8re \u00bb est une traduction de l\u2019am\u00e9ricain grandfather clause<\/em>. Elle fut employ\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis apr\u00e8s la guerre de S\u00e9cession et n\u2019avait rien \u00e0 voir avec la pr\u00e9servation d\u2019avantages. Elle visait, au contraire, \u00e0 priver les citoyens noirs du droit de vote. En effet, pour \u00eatre \u00e9lecteur, il fallait prouver que l’on avait eu un grand-p\u00e8re qui avait eu ce droit. Vu que presque tous les noirs avaient eu des grands-p\u00e8res esclaves, ils \u00e9taient priv\u00e9s du droit de vote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rappel terminologique : une loi contient des \u00ab dispositions \u00bb et le contrat (par exemple une convention collective en droit du travail) contient des \u00ab clauses \u00bb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9finition de la \u00ab\u00a0disposition transitoire<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disposition l\u00e9gislative ou r\u00e8glementaire qui a pour objet de pr\u00e9venir et de r\u00e9gler un conflit de lois dans le temps, en pr\u00e9cisant quel est le domaine de la loi ancienne ou du r\u00e8glement ancien et quel est celui de la loi nouvelle ou du r\u00e8glement nouveau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, les tavernes \u00e9taient interdites aux femmes par le pass\u00e9. Lorsque la loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e dans les ann\u00e9es 1970 pour leur permettre d\u2019y avoir acc\u00e8s, toutes les tavernes \u00e9taient en principe d\u00e9sormais tenues d\u2019accueillir les femmes conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la nouvelle loi. Aucune taverne n\u2019avait un droit acquis en la mati\u00e8re. Cependant, afin de ne pas froisser les habitudes sociales, le l\u00e9gislateur a permis, par faveur, aux tavernes existantes qui le voulaient, d\u2019opter pour le maintien de l\u2019 \u00ab ancien r\u00e9gime \u00bb et de continuer \u00e0 n\u2019accueillir que des hommes, et ce, par une disposition transitoire. Bien entendu, aucune taverne cr\u00e9\u00e9e post\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 la nouvelle loi ne pouvait pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 cette exception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autre exemple. En ce qui concerne la transformation des coll\u00e8ges classiques d\u2019antan en cegeps, un certain nombre d\u2019enseignants membres d\u2019un ordre religieux n\u2019avaient pas les dipl\u00f4mes universitaires d\u00e9sormais requis. L\u00e0 encore, ces religieux ne pouvaient invoquer aucun \u00ab droit acquis \u00bb \u00e0 conserver leur poste et, l\u00e9galement, ils auraient pu \u00eatre sommairement licenci\u00e9s d\u00e8s l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur des nouvelles r\u00e8gles. Cependant, par humanisme, le l\u00e9gislateur a opt\u00e9 pour le maintien en fonction de ces religieux, et ce, par une disposition transitoire. L\u00e0 encore, aucune nouvelle recrue \u00e0 un poste d\u2019enseignant ne pouvait pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 quelque dispense que ce soit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019id\u00e9e est donc d\u2019\u00e9viter une transition trop brutale d\u2019un r\u00e9gime juridique \u00e0 un autre. Les effets d\u2019une disposition transitoire sont donc temporaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il faut noter que la \u00ab disposition de droit acquis \u00bb est maladroite. S\u2019il y a \u00ab droit \u00bb, celui-ci est susceptible de recours devant la justice, sans disposition. En d\u2019autres termes, l\u2019on dira plut\u00f4t que le justiciable concern\u00e9 peut contester la r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 d\u2019une nouvelle loi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ce moment, est en cause dans l\u2019actualit\u00e9 l’abolition du PEQ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 install\u00e9es au Qu\u00e9bec, sur la foi de ce programme, peuvent avancer la th\u00e8se portant que si ce programme peut \u00eatre licitement aboli pour l\u2019avenir, il est toujours en vigueur pour elles et elles peuvent continuer \u00e0 en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier, sinon, il y aurait abolition r\u00e9troactive \u00e0 leur d\u00e9triment. En principe, nul besoin de disposition transitoire. Cela dit, afin d\u2019\u00e9viter l\u2019encombrement des tribunaux par de chronophages controverses, tant pour les personnes int\u00e9ress\u00e9es que le gouvernement, il serait sans doute plus judicieux qu\u2019il adopte tout simplement une disposition transitoire confirmant le maintien du PEQ au profit de ces personnes et consacre ses \u00e9nergies \u00e0 des t\u00e2ches socialement plus utiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fran\u00e7ois Brunet, Montr\u00e9al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019appellation \u00ab clause grand-p\u00e8re \u00bb est une traduction de l\u2019am\u00e9ricain grandfather clause. Elle fut employ\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis apr\u00e8s la guerre de S\u00e9cession et n\u2019avait rien \u00e0 voir avec la pr\u00e9servation d\u2019avantages. Elle visait, au contraire, \u00e0 priver les citoyens noirs du droit de vote. En effet, pour \u00eatre \u00e9lecteur, il fallait prouver que l’on avait eu un grand-p\u00e8re…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"yoast_head":"\nDisposition transitoire. 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